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Product Overview
Allicin is an organic sulfur compound extracted from the bulbs of garlic (Allium sativum), also present in onions and other Allium species. It is known chemically as diallyl thiosulfate, with the formula C6H10OS2. In solid form, it is a white to light yellow powder; in liquid form, it is a light yellow to brown volatile oil with a strong garlic odor. It decomposes during distillation and forms an oily precipitate in water solutions. It is insoluble in glycerin and propylene glycol but mixes with ethanol, chloroform, ether, and benzene. It is unstable in alkali but stable in acids. Allicin exhibits strong antimicrobial properties, inhibiting a range of Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative rods, fungi, viruses, protozoa, and pinworms. It is particularly effective against E. coli and Shigella.
Production Process
Allicin extraction methods include steam distillation, organic solvent extraction, and supercritical CO2 extraction. Each method yields different primary components with its own advantages and disadvantages.
- Steam Distillation
This method involves passing steam through garlic oil, which is somewhat volatile. The garlic oil is distilled at temperatures below 100°C with the steam, and further separation yields a purer substance. The main components are allyl trisulfide and allyl disulfide. This method improves the quality of garlic oil and reduces extraction costs. The yield of allicin increases when using reduced-pressure steam distillation at temperatures below 80°C.
- Organic Solvent Extraction
Garlic oil is slightly soluble in water but readily dissolves in ethanol, ethyl acetate, and ether. This method extracts garlic oil using solvents that are not only highly effective but also have low boiling points for easy separation. Ethanol extraction is preferred as it maintains allicin stability with a high yield. The optimal extraction rate with ethanol is 0.24%. Comparative studies show that ethanol is more efficient than ethyl acetate.
- Supercritical CO2 Extraction
This technique uses supercritical CO2's ability to dissolve substances effectively. By adjusting pressure and temperature, CO2 selectively extracts certain components and then is reverted to gas, leaving the extracted material behind. CO2 is non-toxic, inexpensive, and yields higher extraction rates than organic solvents. However, it requires significant investment in equipment and has low production efficiency. When combined with ethanol extraction, allicin content reaches 60.54%, surpassing pure CO2 extraction.
- Synthesis
The synthesis involves adding sodium thiosulfate to water, heating to 40°C, stirring, and then adding chloropropene while controlling the temperature. After cooling and adding sodium sulfide solution, the reaction produces a yellowish oil.
Application Areas: Pharmaceuticals, health supplements, chemicals, food, preservatives, feed additives, etc.
Impact on Pathogens: Allicin has strong antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, inhibiting or killing various bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Digestive System Effects: Allicin can reduce nitrite levels in the stomach and inhibit nitrate-reducing bacteria, proving effective against Helicobacter pylori-related ulcers and chronic colitis.
Cardiovascular and Blood System Effects: Allicin benefits cardiovascular health by lowering cholesterol, blood pressure, inhibiting platelet activity, and reducing blood viscosity.
Sugar Metabolism: Allicin lowers blood sugar by enhancing insulin secretion and forming compounds similar to vitamin E, which supports insulin function and cell structure.
Immune System: Allicin is an effective immune stimulant.
Detoxification and Antioxidant: Allicin counters lead poisoning and improves survival rates in affected mice.
Plant Source
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a perennial herb from the Amaryllidaceae family. It originally came from Western Asia or Europe and was introduced to China around 139 BC. Garlic decomposes to release sulfur compounds as a self-defense mechanism. Fresh garlic contains alliin, which transforms into allicin when garlic is cut or crushed. Garlic bulbs are typically composed of many small, fleshy cloves encased in layers of white to purple membrane. Garlic thrives in cool climates and sandy loam soils, requiring high sunlight and specific soil moisture conditions throughout its growth stages.
Packaging and Storage
【Storage Conditions】 Store in a sealed, light-proof container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place, away from oxidizers and food ingredients.
【Packaging】 Bulk: 25kg/cardboard drum; Samples: 1kg/aluminum foil bag; custom packaging available.
【Shipping】 Express or logistics; domestic delivery within three days by express, five days by logistics. Prices generally include domestic shipping.
【Shelf Life】 Two years
